12 Symptoms and Signs of Ovarian Cancer You Should Know
Ovarian
cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, the reproductive glands
found only in females. It is often called the "silent killer" because
its symptoms are frequently subtle and overlooked until the disease is in an
advanced stage. Understanding the symptoms and signs of ovarian cancer is
crucial for early detection and effective treatment.
Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
The symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague and easily mistaken for more common, less serious conditions. However, persistent and unusual symptoms should prompt further medical evaluation. Here are some of the most common symptoms:
1. Abdominal Bloating and Swelling:
Persistent bloating or an increase in abdominal size can be an early sign of ovarian cancer. This occurs due to the accumulation of fluid (ascites) in the abdominal cavity.
2. Pelvic or Abdominal Pain:
Women with ovarian cancer may experience constant pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or pelvic area. This pain is often misattributed to menstrual cramps or digestive issues.
3. Difficulty Eating or Feeling Full Quickly:
A loss of appetite or feeling full quickly after eating small amounts of food can indicate ovarian cancer. This symptom is related to the pressure and discomfort caused by the tumor on the stomach and intestines.
4. Urinary Symptoms:
Increased frequency and urgency of urination, or feeling the need to urinate urgently, can be associated with ovarian cancer. These symptoms occur due to the tumor pressing on the bladder.
5. Unexplained Weight Loss:
Sudden and unexplained weight loss, especially if accompanied by other symptoms, can be a warning sign of ovarian cancer.
6. Changes in Bowel Habits:
Constipation or diarrhea, as well as general changes in bowel habits, can be symptoms of ovarian cancer. These changes are due to the tumor affecting the normal function of the intestines.
7. Fatigue:
Persistent
and unexplained fatigue is a common symptom of many cancers, including ovarian
cancer. It can result from the body’s effort to fight the cancer and from
anemia, which often accompanies cancer.
Less Common Symptoms
While the above symptoms are more common, there are other less frequent symptoms that can also be associated with ovarian cancer:
1. Back Pain:
Lower back pain, not attributable to injury or other known conditions, can be a sign of ovarian cancer.
2. Pain During Intercourse:
Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse may indicate ovarian cancer, especially if the pain is persistent and not related to other known issues.
3. Menstrual Changes:
Irregular menstrual cycles or postmenopausal bleeding can be symptoms of ovarian cancer, although they are less specific and can result from many other conditions.
4. Indigestion and Nausea:
Chronic
indigestion, heartburn, or nausea can be symptoms of ovarian cancer, especially
when they persist despite treatment for more common gastrointestinal issues.
Importance of Early Detection
Early
detection of ovarian cancer significantly improves the chances of successful
treatment. Unfortunately, because the symptoms are often subtle and
nonspecific, many women are diagnosed at a later stage. Regular gynecological
examinations and being aware of family medical history can help in early
detection. Women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer should
discuss genetic testing and increased surveillance with their healthcare
provider.
Risk Factors
Understanding the risk factors associated with ovarian cancer can help in recognizing the potential for developing the disease. These factors include:
1. Age:
The risk of ovarian cancer increases with age, particularly after menopause. However, as noted, younger women can also be affected.
2. Genetic Factors:
A family history of ovarian or breast cancer increases the risk. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly elevate the risk.
3. Reproductive History:
Women who have never been pregnant or have had fertility treatment may have a higher risk of ovarian cancer.
4. Hormone Replacement Therapy:
Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
5. Endometriosis:
Women with endometriosis have an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer.
Bottom line:
Recognizing
the symptoms and signs of ovarian cancer is crucial for early diagnosis and
effective treatment. Persistent and unusual symptoms should always be evaluated
by a healthcare professional, especially in women with known risk factors.
Regular medical check-ups and being vigilant about changes in one’s body can
lead to earlier detection and better outcomes in the fight against ovarian
cancer.
