What is the Mumps Vaccine? Number of Doses and Their Timings. MMR Vaccine

Mumps is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, causing painful swelling and other symptoms. The best way to prevent mumps is through vaccination. The mumps vaccine is commonly administered as part of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. This article provides detailed information about the mumps vaccine, including the number of doses and their recommended timings.

 

What is the Mumps Vaccine? 

The mumps vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the mumps virus that stimulates the immune system to build immunity without causing the disease. The mumps vaccine is usually given in combination with vaccines for measles and rubella as the MMR vaccine. In some cases, it can also be administered as part of the MMRV vaccine, which includes protection against varicella (chickenpox) in addition to measles, mumps, and rubella.

 

How the vaccine works: 

When the mumps vaccine is administered, the body's immune system recognizes the weakened virus and produces antibodies against it. These antibodies remain in the body, providing long-term protection against future infections. If the vaccinated individual is later exposed to the mumps virus, their immune system can quickly respond and prevent the disease.

 

Number of Doses and Timing 

The mumps vaccine is administered in two doses, with specific timing recommendations to ensure optimal protection. 

1. First Dose: 

Age:

The first dose of the MMR vaccine is typically given to children between 12 and 15 months of age. This timing allows for the maternal antibodies that protect the infant in the first months of life to wane, ensuring the vaccine is effective.

 

2. Second Dose: 

Age:

The second dose is usually administered between 4 and 6 years of age, before the child enters school. The second dose helps to ensure immunity in those who did not respond to the first dose and boosts immunity in those who did. 

In certain situations, such as during a mumps outbreak or for individuals traveling to areas where mumps is common, the vaccine schedule may be adjusted. For example, the second dose can be given as soon as 28 days after the first dose if necessary.

 

Catch-Up Vaccination: 

For individuals who did not receive the MMR vaccine at the recommended ages, catch-up vaccination is available. The schedule for catch-up vaccination depends on the individual's age and vaccination history:

 

Children aged 7 through 18 years: 

Two doses of MMR vaccine are recommended. The first dose should be given as soon as possible, followed by a second dose at least 28 days later.

Adults:** Adults born after 1957 who have not been vaccinated or do not have evidence of immunity should receive at least one dose of the MMR vaccine. Certain adults, such as healthcare workers, college students, and international travelers, may need two doses.

 

Effectiveness and Side Effects: 

The mumps vaccine is highly effective in preventing mumps infection. One dose of the MMR vaccine is about 78% effective, while two doses increase the effectiveness to approximately 88%. 

Common side effects of the MMR vaccine are usually mild and may include: 

- Soreness or redness at the injection site

- Fever

- Mild rash

- Swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck 

Serious side effects are rare but can include allergic reactions. It is important to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider before vaccination.

 

Bottom line: 

The mumps vaccine is a crucial tool in preventing mumps and its complications. Administered as part of the MMR vaccine, it requires two doses for optimal protection. The first dose is given between 12 and 15 months of age, and the second dose between 4 and 6 years of age. Catch-up vaccination is available for those who missed the initial schedule. By following the recommended vaccination schedule, individuals can protect themselves and their communities from the spread of mumps.